਍㰀栀琀洀氀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀㰀琀椀琀氀攀㸀䌀匀匀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀㰀⼀琀椀琀氀攀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀匀吀夀䰀䔀 琀礀瀀攀㴀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀⼀匀吀夀䰀䔀㸀ഀഀ ਍ഀഀ ਍ഀഀ ਍㰀℀ⴀⴀ 猀愀瘀攀搀 戀礀 䌀礀戀攀爀䄀爀琀椀挀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 甀爀氀㴀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀一伀吀☀搀漀挀琀礀瀀攀㴀䈀唀䰀䰀䔀吀䤀一☀椀搀㴀㈀㤀㐀㐀㌀　⸀㄀ ⴀⴀ㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䈀伀䐀夀  㸀ഀഀ
਍㰀倀㸀㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀琀漀瀀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 瘀䄀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀氀攀昀琀 挀漀氀匀瀀愀渀㴀㘀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀䌀匀匀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀 嬀䤀䐀 ㈀㤀㐀㐀㌀　⸀㄀崀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 瘀䄀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀氀攀昀琀 挀漀氀匀瀀愀渀㴀㘀㸀ഀഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 瘀䄀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㈀㔀─∀ 挀漀氀匀瀀愀渀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 瘀䄀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀഀ

In this Document
  Purpose
  Scope and Application
  CSS Timeout Computation in Oracle Clusterware
  References
 ਍㰀䠀刀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㄀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀㸀ഀഀ

਍㰀䠀㈀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀欀洀㸀䄀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀漀㨀 㰀⼀䠀㈀㸀伀爀愀挀氀攀 匀攀爀瘀攀爀 ⴀ 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀 ⴀ 嘀攀爀猀椀漀渀㨀 ㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㈀ 琀漀 ㄀㄀⸀㄀⸀　⸀㘀 ⴀ 刀攀氀攀愀猀攀㨀 ㄀　⸀㄀ 琀漀 ㄀㄀⸀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀伀爀愀挀氀攀 匀攀爀瘀攀爀 ⴀ 匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀 ⴀ 嘀攀爀猀椀漀渀㨀 ㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㈀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㄀㄀⸀㄀⸀　⸀㘀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀嬀刀攀氀攀愀猀攀㨀 ㄀　⸀㄀ 琀漀 ㄀㄀⸀㄀崀㰀䈀刀㸀䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀漀 愀渀礀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀⸀㰀䈀刀㸀伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀 ഀഀ

Purpose

The purpose of this Note is to document default CSS misscount timeout calculations in 10g  Release 1,  10g Release 2 , 11g and higher versions. ਍㰀䠀㈀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀欀洀㸀㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀匀䌀伀倀䔀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀匀挀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀䠀㈀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䠀㈀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀欀洀㸀㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀䈀伀䐀夀吀䔀堀吀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀䌀匀匀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀㰀⼀䠀㈀㸀ഀഀ

MISSCOUNT DEFINITION AND DEFAULT VALUES
The CSS misscount parameter represents the maximum time, in seconds, that a network heartbeat can be missed before entering into a cluster reconfiguration to evict the node. The following are the default values for the misscount parameter and their respective versions when using Oracle Clusterware* in seconds:

਍㰀倀㸀ഀഀ
修改时间 26-OCT-2010     类型 BULLETIN     状态 PUBLISHED
਍㰀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㐀─∀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀伀匀 㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㌀─∀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㄀㄀最 㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㐀─∀㸀ഀഀ

Linux

਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㌀─∀㸀ഀഀ

60

਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㌀─∀㸀ഀഀ

30

਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㐀─∀㸀ഀഀ

VMS

਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㌀─∀㸀ഀഀ

30

਍㰀吀䐀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㌀㌀─∀㸀ഀഀ

30

਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ

10.2.0.2

਍㰀吀䐀㸀匀愀洀攀 愀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀 ⠀㄀　⸀㈀⸀　⸀㄀ 眀椀琀栀 倀愀琀挀栀 㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀䈀唀䜀☀椀搀㴀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀∀㸀䈀甀最㨀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀㰀⼀䄀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 愀氀椀最渀㴀洀椀搀搀氀攀㸀㄀　⸀㄀ ⴀ ㄀㄀⸀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ
10g (R1 &R2)
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀唀渀椀砀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㌀　 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㌀　 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀圀椀渀搀漀眀猀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㌀　 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㌀　 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀ഀഀ

*CSS misscount default value when using vendor (non-Oracle) clusterware is 600 seconds. This is to allow the vendor clusterware ample time to resolve any possible split brain scenarios.

਍㰀䐀䤀嘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀欀洀渀漀琀攀戀漀砀㸀伀渀 䄀䤀堀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 䠀䄀䌀䴀倀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 ㄀　⸀㈀⸀　⸀㌀ 䈀倀⌀㄀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 椀猀 ㌀　⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀一伀吀☀椀搀㴀㔀㔀㄀㘀㔀㠀⸀㄀∀㸀一漀琀攀 㔀㔀㄀㘀㔀㠀⸀㄀㰀⼀䄀㸀㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀ഀഀ

CSS HEARTBEAT MECHANISMS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
The synchronization services component (CSS) of the Oracle Clusterware maintains two heartbeat mechanisms 1.) the disk heartbeat to the voting device and 2.) the network heartbeat  across the interconnect which establish and confirm valid node membership in the cluster. Both of these heartbeat mechanisms have an associated timeout value. The disk heartbeat has an internal i/o timeout interval (DTO Disk TimeOut), in seconds, where an i/o to the voting disk must complete. The misscount parameter (MC), as stated above, is the maximum time, in seconds, that a network heartbeat  can be missed. The disk heartbeat i/o timeout interval is directly related to the misscount parameter setting. There has been some variation in this relationship
between versions as described below:
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀圀䤀䐀吀䠀㨀 ㄀　　─㬀 䠀䔀䤀䜀䠀吀㨀 ㈀㤀　瀀砀∀ 挀攀氀氀匀瀀愀挀椀渀最㴀㄀ 挀攀氀氀倀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀㄀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀㄀㸀ഀഀ

਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㤀⸀砀⸀砀⸀砀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ NOTE, MISSCOUNT WAS A  DIFFERENT ENTITY IN THIS RELEASE
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㈀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ No one should be on this version
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㌀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ DTO = MC - 15 seconds
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㐀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ DTO = MC - 15 seconds
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㐀⬀唀渀瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 䈀甀最 ㌀㌀　㘀㤀㘀㐀 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ DTO = MC - 3 seconds
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㐀 眀椀琀栀 䌀刀匀 䤀䤀 䴀攀爀最攀 瀀愀琀挀栀 㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ DTO =Disktimeout (Defaults to 200 seconds) Normally OR Misscount seconds only during initial Cluster formation or Slightly before reconfiguration
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㄀⸀　⸀㔀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ IOT = MC - 3 seconds
਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀㄀　⸀㈀⸀　⸀㄀ ⬀䘀椀砀 昀漀爀 甀渀瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀甀最 㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀倀㸀䤀伀吀㴀䐀椀猀欀琀椀洀攀漀甀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀䐀攀昀愀甀氀琀猀 琀漀 ㈀　　 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀⤀ 一漀爀洀愀氀氀礀 伀刀 䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 漀渀氀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 匀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ
During node join and leave (reconfiguration) in a cluster we need to reconfigure, in that particular case we use Short Disk TimeOut (SDTO) which is in all versions SDTO = MC – reboottime (usually 3 seconds)

਍㰀倀㸀䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 搀爀椀瘀攀猀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 琀栀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀⸀ 䤀渀 洀漀猀琀 挀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 䴀䌀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 䴀漀搀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 瘀愀氀甀攀 漀昀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀猀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀⼀漀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀猀 琀栀攀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 洀椀猀猀攀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 栀攀愀爀琀戀攀愀琀猀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀⸀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

LONG LATENCIES TO THE VOTING DISKS
If I/O latencies to the voting disk are greater than the default DTO calculations noted above, the cluster may experience CSS node evictions depending on (a)the Oracle Clusterware (CRS) version, (b)whether merge patch has been applied and (c)the state of the Cluster. More details on this are covered in the section "Change in Behavior with CRS Merge PATCH (4896338 on 10.2.0.1)".

਍㰀倀㸀吀栀攀猀攀 氀愀琀攀渀挀椀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀渀礀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀⼀漀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀爀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀礀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀⼀漀 瀀愀琀栀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 愀 渀漀渀 攀砀栀愀甀猀琀椀瘀攀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀猀甀氀琀攀搀 椀渀 䌀匀匀 渀漀搀攀 攀瘀椀挀琀椀漀渀 搀甀攀 琀漀 氀愀琀攀渀挀椀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 氀漀渀最攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀 椀⼀漀 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 瘀愀氀甀攀⠀䐀吀伀⤀㨀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ
    ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀儀䰀漀最椀挀 䠀䈀䄀 挀愀爀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀 䰀椀渀欀 䐀漀眀渀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀⸀ ഀഀ
  1. Bad cables to the SAN/storage array that effect i/o latencies ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀匀䄀一 猀眀椀琀挀栀 ⠀氀椀欀攀 䈀爀漀挀愀搀攀⤀ 昀愀椀氀漀瘀攀爀 氀愀琀攀渀挀礀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 ഀഀ
  2. EMC Clariion Array when trespassing the SP to the backup SP greater than default misscount ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䔀䴀䌀 倀漀眀攀爀倀愀琀栀 瀀愀琀栀 攀爀爀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䤀⼀伀 爀攀瀀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀椀爀攀挀琀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ഀഀ
  3. NetApp Cluster (CFO) failover latency greater than default misscount ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀匀甀猀琀愀椀渀攀搀 栀椀最栀 䌀倀唀 氀漀愀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 琀栀攀 䌀匀匀䐀 搀椀猀欀 瀀椀渀最 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 琀栀爀攀愀搀 ഀഀ
  4. Poor SAN network configuration that creates latencies in the I/O path.
਍㰀倀㸀吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀愀琀栀 䤀伀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 搀爀椀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀椀洀攀猀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 愀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䤀伀 瀀愀琀栀⸀ 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 ⠀爀攀⤀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 氀愀琀攀渀挀椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀攀搀⸀ 䤀渀挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 昀愀椀氀漀瘀攀爀 琀椀洀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 伀匀Ⰰ 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 漀爀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 漀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀搀 最椀瘀攀渀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀⸀ 㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

Misscount should NOT be modified to workaround the above-mentioned issues. Oracle support recommends that you apply the latest patchset which changes the CSS behaviour. More details covered in next section.

਍㰀倀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀唀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀䌀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 䈀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 眀椀琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀䈀唀䜀☀椀搀㴀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀∀㸀䈀甀最㨀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀㰀⼀䄀㸀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 漀渀 琀漀瀀 漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㄀　⸀㈀⸀　⸀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀匀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 ㄀　⸀㈀⸀　⸀㄀⬀㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀䈀唀䜀☀椀搀㴀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀∀㸀䈀甀最㨀㐀㠀㤀㘀㌀㌀㠀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 䌀匀匀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 攀瘀椀挀琀 琀栀攀 渀漀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀 搀甀攀 琀漀 ⠀䐀吀伀⤀ 䤀⼀伀 琀漀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 琀愀欀椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 甀渀氀攀猀猀 椀琀 椀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 㰀䈀刀㸀匀漀 椀昀 眀攀 栀愀瘀攀 愀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 渀漀搀攀猀 椀渀 愀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀氀甀猀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀漀搀攀猀 琀愀欀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀漀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀漀搀攀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 攀瘀椀挀琀攀搀 愀猀 氀漀渀最 愀猀 琀栀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 椀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 搀椀猀欀琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䌀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀愀琀挀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 愀琀 愀氀氀⸀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

Additionally this merge patch introduces Disktimeout  which is the amount of time that a lack of disk ping to voting disk(s) will be tolerated.

਍㰀倀㸀一漀琀攀㨀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀愀琀挀栀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀 礀漀甀爀 瘀愀氀甀攀 昀漀爀 䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

The table below explains in the conditions under which the eviction will occur

਍㰀倀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀唀㸀一攀琀眀漀爀欀 倀椀渀最㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀唀㸀刀攀戀漀漀琀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ

N

਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀吀愀欀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 戀甀琀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 䐀椀猀欀琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ

Y

਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ
Disk Ping
Completes within Misscount seconds
Completes within Misscount seconds ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀一㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ
Takes more than Disktimeout seconds
Takes more than Misscount Seconds ਍㰀倀 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀夀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ



਍㰀倀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

 

਍㰀倀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

 

਍㰀倀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

  

਍㰀倀㸀⨀ 䈀礀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 椀猀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 䐀椀猀欀琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN CHANGING MISSCOUNT FROM THE DEFAULT VALUE

਍㰀伀䰀㸀ഀഀ
  • Customers drive SLA and cluster availability. The customer ultimately defines Service Levels and availability for the cluster. Before recommending any change to misscount, the full impact of that change should be described and the impact to cluster availability measured. ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䌀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀猀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀琀爀礀 氀漀最椀挀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 搀攀氀愀礀椀渀最 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀礀 挀愀甀猀攀 ✀愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀✀ 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀 氀漀最漀渀 猀琀漀爀洀猀⸀ ഀഀ
  • Misscount timeout values are version dependent and are subject to change. As we have seen, misscount calculations are variable between releases and between versions within a release. Creating a false dependency on misscount calculation in one version may not be appropriate for later versions. ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 䤀⼀伀 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀 ⠀䐀吀伀⤀ 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 洀愀礀 挀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 氀愀琀攀爀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀猀 愀猀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 攀砀椀猀琀猀 愀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 䤀⼀伀 琀椀洀攀漀甀琀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀 愀渀搀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀 椀猀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 氀愀琀攀爀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀猀⸀ ഀഀ
  • An increase in misscount to compensate for i/o latencies directly effects reconfiguration times for network failures. The network heartbeat is the primary indicator of connectivity within the cluster. Misscount is the tolerance level of missed 'check ins' that trigger cluster reconfiguration. Increasing misscount will prolong the time to take corrective action in the event of network failure or other anomalies effecting the availability of a node in the cluster. This directly effects cluster availability. ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀愀爀漀甀渀搀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 氀愀琀攀渀挀椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀攀搀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 氀愀琀攀渀挀礀 椀猀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀攀搀Ⰰ 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 渀攀攀搀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀攀琀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 吀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀 渀攀攀搀猀 琀漀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀 愀渀搀 猀攀琀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 䤀⼀伀 氀愀琀攀渀挀礀 椀猀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀搀⸀ ഀഀ
  • Do not change default misscount values if you are  running Vendor Clusterware along with Oracle Clusterware. The default values for misscount should not be changed when using vendor clusterware. Modifying misscount in this environment may cause clusterwide outages and potential corruptions. ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䌀栀愀渀最椀渀最 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀 椀渀挀甀爀猀 愀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀椀搀攀 漀甀琀愀最攀⸀ 䄀猀 渀漀琀攀 戀攀氀漀眀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀 㰀䈀刀㸀愀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀椀搀攀 漀甀琀愀最攀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀椀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀⸀ ഀഀ
  • Changing misscount should not be used to compensate for poor configurations or faulty hardware ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 刀䐀䈀䴀匀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀爀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 攀昀昀攀挀琀攀搀 戀礀 栀椀最栀 洀椀猀猀挀漀甀渀琀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀⸀ ഀഀ
  • In case of stretched clusters and stretched storage systems and a site failure where we loose one storage and N number of nodes we go into a reconfiguration state and then we revert to ShortDiskTimeOut value as internal I/O timeout for the votings. Several cases are known with stretched clusters where when a site failure happen the storage failover cannot complete within SDTO. If the I/O to the votings is blocked more than SDTO the result is node evictions on the surviving side.
    • ਍㰀倀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀唀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀吀漀 䌀栀愀渀最攀 䴀䤀匀匀䌀伀唀一吀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 搀攀昀愀甀氀琀 倀氀攀愀猀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀漀爀愀挀氀攀⸀挀漀洀⼀䌀匀倀⼀洀愀椀渀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀㼀挀洀搀㴀猀栀漀眀☀琀礀瀀攀㴀一伀吀☀椀搀㴀㈀㠀㐀㜀㔀㈀⸀㄀∀㸀一漀琀攀㨀㈀㠀㐀㜀㔀㈀⸀㄀㰀⼀䄀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀吀䠀䤀匀 䤀匀 吀䠀䔀 伀一䰀夀 匀唀倀倀伀刀吀䔀䐀 䴀䔀吀䠀伀䐀⸀ 一伀吀 䘀伀䰀䰀伀圀䤀一䜀 吀䠀䤀匀 䴀䔀吀䠀伀䐀 刀䤀匀䬀匀 䔀嘀䤀䌀吀䤀伀一匀 䄀一䐀⼀伀刀 䌀伀刀刀唀倀吀䤀一䜀 吀䠀䔀 伀䌀刀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀唀㸀㰀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㄀　最 刀攀氀攀愀猀攀 ㈀ 䴀䤀刀刀伀刀䔀䐀 嘀伀吀䤀一䜀 䐀䤀匀䬀匀 䄀一䐀 嘀䔀一䐀伀刀 䴀唀䰀吀䤀倀䄀吀䠀䤀一䜀 匀伀䰀唀吀䤀伀一匀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀匀吀刀伀一䜀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀伀爀愀挀氀攀 刀䄀䌀 ㄀　最 刀攀氀攀愀猀攀 ㈀ 愀氀氀漀眀猀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀猀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 琀栀攀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 爀攀氀礀 漀渀 愀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀愀琀栀椀渀最 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 瘀攀渀搀漀爀⸀ 夀漀甀 挀愀渀 栀愀瘀攀 渀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀猀 ⠀甀瀀 琀漀 ㌀㄀⤀ 眀栀攀爀攀 渀 㴀 洀⨀㈀⬀㄀ 眀栀攀爀攀 洀 椀猀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 搀椀猀欀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 礀漀甀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 眀愀渀琀 琀漀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀⸀ 伀爀愀挀氀攀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀猀 攀愀挀栀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀欀 琀漀 戀攀 漀渀 愀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 搀椀猀欀⸀㰀⼀倀㸀ഀഀ

    References

    NOTE:284752.1 - 10g RAC: Steps To Increase CSS Misscount, Reboottime and Disktimeout
    NOTE:559365.1 - Using Diagwait as a diagnostic to get more information for diagnosing Oracle Clusterware Node evictions

    ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀㸀ഀഀ
    ਍㰀倀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 椀搀㴀挀漀氀氀愀瀀猀攀䤀洀最㈀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀䌀唀刀匀伀刀㨀 瀀漀椀渀琀攀爀∀  愀氀琀㴀㸀㩦獶潏⁠猀爀挀㴀∀䌀匀匀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀开昀椀氀攀猀⼀挀漀氀氀愀瀀猀攀开眀栀椀琀攀嬀㄀崀⸀瀀渀最∀㸀 㰀䈀㸀獶葑㱶⼀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
    ਍㰀䠀刀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㄀㸀ഀഀ 产品 ਍㰀䠀刀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀䴀䄀刀䜀䤀一ⴀ䰀䔀䘀吀㨀 ㈀　瀀砀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㄀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀唀䰀㸀ഀഀ
  • Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition ਍㰀䰀䤀㸀伀爀愀挀氀攀 䐀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 ☀最琀㬀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䐀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 ☀最琀㬀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䐀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 ☀最琀㬀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 匀攀爀瘀攀爀 ⴀ 匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 䔀搀椀琀椀漀渀 㰀⼀䰀䤀㸀㰀⼀唀䰀㸀㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

    • ਍㰀倀㸀㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀琀漀瀀∀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 椀搀㴀戀愀挀欀吀漀吀漀瀀䤀洀最 愀氀琀㴀퐀畖隘ₙ猀爀挀㴀∀䌀匀匀 吀椀洀攀漀甀琀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 伀爀愀挀氀攀 䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀眀愀爀攀开昀椀氀攀猀⼀琀漀瀀开眀栀椀琀攀嬀㄀崀⸀瀀渀最∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀　㸀퐀畖隘㲙⼀䄀㸀㰀⼀倀㸀㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䐀䤀嘀 椀搀㴀昀攀攀搀戀愀挀欀䈀漀砀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀䐀䤀匀倀䰀䄀夀㨀 渀漀渀攀㬀 倀伀匀䤀吀䤀伀一㨀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀攀㬀 吀伀倀㨀 ㈀㄀㈀瀀砀㬀 䈀䄀䌀䬀䜀刀伀唀一䐀ⴀ䌀伀䰀伀刀㨀 ⌀昀昀昀攀攀搀∀㸀ഀഀ
    ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀琀愀戀氀攀猀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀㌀㔀　 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㔀　　 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀　㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䐀䤀嘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀䠀攀愀搀椀渀最㸀蜀쑺Ꞌ⁾㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀䘀椀攀氀搀㸀㨀摎蝫捥쑨Ꞌ㱾⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㌀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最㸀᠀㱏⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㈀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最㸀漀㲂⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㄀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀愀琀椀渀最㸀㱝⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀䰀椀渀攀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀䘀椀攀氀搀㸀Ⰰ蝧捥⽨♦凜ꡛॠ䁧⹢꥞㽒㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㌀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀㸀⼀㱦⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㈀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀㸀☀㱔⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㄀ 渀愀洀攀㴀爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀礀㸀씀低졭㲉⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀䰀椀渀攀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀䘀椀攀氀搀㸀ꠀ쥠鞉ⱟ蝧捥葨빶᎖୦ꙺ艞啙㽏㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㌀ 渀愀洀攀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀㸀帀㢗聞啻㱓⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㈀ 渀愀洀攀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀㸀ऀ魧聎啻㱓⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀氀愀戀攀氀伀瀀琀椀漀渀㸀㰀䤀一倀唀吀 椀搀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀  琀礀瀀攀㴀爀愀搀椀漀 瘀愀氀甀攀㴀㄀ 渀愀洀攀㴀攀愀猀攀伀昀唀猀攀㸀ഀ聎啻㱓⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䈀伀䐀夀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 瘀䄀氀椀最渀㴀琀漀瀀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀㤀　 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀㈀㌀　㸀ഀഀ
    注释
    ਍㰀倀㸀㰀䈀㸀촀膑຋㩦㰀⼀䈀㸀 ⠀ㅗ⁵伀爀愀挀氀攀 耀⽢⽧ťѣٙ䭴䵎ⱒ 瘀홑ꉎ㝛ॎ㽣൓륔ཥ୧摷쵫術ʙ㰰⼀倀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀䰀椀渀攀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀　　─∀ 挀漀氀匀瀀愀渀㴀㌀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㔀　　 挀漀氀匀瀀愀渀㴀㌀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀㌀　㸀ഀഀ
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